\paperw3360 \margr0\margl0\ATXph16380 \plain \fs20 \pard\tx3255\tx6525\tx9780\ATXts240\ATXbrdr0 \f1 \fs22 Mary I (1516-1558) was the daughter of \b \cf4 \ATXht13091000 Henry VIII
\b0 \cf0 \ATXht0 and Catherine of Aragon. She was Queen of England and Ireland from 1553 to 1558. A devout Catholic, during the reign of her half-brother Edward, she lived in retirement, refusing to conform to the new religion. Once she had secured t
he throne, she proceeded cautiously, repealing anti-Catholic legislation and reviving Catholic practices with the ultimate aim of restoring papal supremacy. Her marriage to Philip of Spain in 1554 was unpopular and caused rebellion and plotting. It als
o led to an expensive and unpopular war with France culminating in the loss of Calais in 1558. Though her direct responsibility was unproven, she was also believed to be behind the merciless persecution of some 300 Protestants, which earned her the name
æBloody MaryÆ. She died broken by childlessness, sickness, grief at her husbandÆs departure from England and the loss of Calais to the French, EnglandÆs last toehold on the Continent.\par
